Private company

EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V.

EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V. is a Netherlands limited liability company.1 It is headquartered in Houston, Texas.1

Last updated Oct 20, 2026.

Overview

  • IndustryOil & Gas Field Services, NEC1
  • HeadquartersHouston, Texas1
  • Incorporated inNetherlands2
  • Business address1311 Broadfield Blvd., Suite 400, Houston, Tx 770842
  • Filer categoryLarge accelerated filer2

Expro Group Holdings N.V. is a Netherlands limited liability company (Naamloze Vennootschap) and includes the activities of its wholly owned subsidiaries (either individually or together, as context requires, "Expro," the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”).4 From its latest annual report

Financials

From the company’s reports to the SEC. Every number links to the filing it came from.

Key numbers, fiscal 2025

5.0%Operating margin5
3.2%Net margin5
-6.2%Revenue growth, 20255
3.4%Return on equity5
0.05×Debt to equity5
$97.8MFree cash flow5

Where the money goes

Where each dollar of revenue went, fiscal 2025

  • Research and development1¢$13.4M
  • Other costs94¢$1.5B
  • Income tax2¢$34.7M
  • Profit3¢$51.7M

Out of $1.6B in revenue.5

Where each dollar of operating cash went, fiscal 2025

  • Capital spending53¢$112.4M
  • Share buybacks19¢$40.1M
  • Kept or used elsewhere27¢$57.7M

Out of $210.2M of cash from operations.5

Financial statements

Revenue67895$1.6B in 2025+98% since 2019
0$500.0M$1.0B$1.5B$2.0B2019: $810.1M$810.1M20192020: $675.0M$675.0M2020−17%2021: $825.8M$825.8M2021+22%2022: $1.3B$1.3B2022+55%2023: $1.5B$1.5B2023+18%2024: $1.7B$1.7B2024+13%2025: $1.6B$1.6B2025−6%
Gross profit10$14.1M in 2020−83% since 2019
0$25.0M$50.0M$75.0M$100.0M2019: $81.3M$81.3M20192020: $14.1M$14.1M2020−83%
Operating income67895$81.1M in 2025
-$400.0M-$200.0M0$200.0M2019: -$72.5M-$72.5M20192020: -$322.3M-$322.3M2020+345%2021: -$127.6M-$127.6M2021−60%2022: $2.5M$2.5M20222023: $10.8M$10.8M2023+339%2024: $94.2M$94.2M2024+772%2025: $81.1M$81.1M2025−14%
Net income67895$51.7M in 2025
-$400.0M-$300.0M-$200.0M-$100.0M0$100.0M2019: -$64.8M-$64.8M20192020: -$307.0M-$307.0M2020+374%2021: -$131.9M-$131.9M2021−57%2022: -$20.1M-$20.1M2022−85%2023: -$23.4M-$23.4M2023+16%2024: $51.9M$51.9M20242025: $51.7M$51.7M2025−0%
Fiscal year2019202020212022202320242025
Revenue$810.1M6$675.0M7$825.8M8$1.3B9$1.5B5$1.7B5$1.6B5
Cost of revenue
Gross profit$81.3M10$14.1M10
Research and development$14.4M6$10.4M7$6.7M8$7.3M9$11.4M5$17.2M5$13.4M5
Operating expenses$953.3M8$1.3B9$1.5B5$1.6B5$1.5B5
Operating income-$72.5M6-$322.3M7-$127.6M8$2.5M9$10.8M5$94.2M5$81.1M5
Income before tax-$115.6M8$21.1M9$20.9M5$98.0M5$86.3M5
Income tax-$1.1M6-$3.4M7$16.3M8$41.2M9$44.3M5$46.0M5$34.7M5
Net income-$64.8M6-$307.0M7-$131.9M8-$20.1M9-$23.4M5$51.9M5$51.7M5
Earnings per share-$4.337-$1.648-$0.189-$0.215$0.455$0.455
Earnings per share (diluted)-$0.189-$0.215$0.455$0.455
Shares (weighted, basic)80.5M shares8109.1M shares9109.2M shares5114.8M shares5115.0M shares5
Shares (weighted, diluted)109.1M shares9109.2M shares5115.8M shares5115.7M shares5

Compare EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V. with another company

Corporate structure

EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V. sits at the top of its group. 16 entities, 4 countries on record. Switch between the flow chart and the network, and select any entity to see its details.

Major holders of EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V.

  • DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LP Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Oct 8, 2026 (2 filings since Apr 9, 2026)
  • AMERICAN CENTURY INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC Filed SCHEDULE 13G on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Aug 14, 2026
  • PRICE T ROWE ASSOCIATES INC /MD/ Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Aug 14, 2026 (12 filings since Nov 10, 2021)
  • T. Rowe Price Investment Management, Inc. Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Aug 14, 2026 (9 filings since Feb 14, 2024)
  • FMR LLC Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Aug 7, 2026 (8 filings since Feb 9, 2023)
  • OAK HILL ADVISORS LP Filed SCHEDULE 13D/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Apr 21, 2026 (6 filings since Oct 12, 2021)
  • VANGUARD GROUP INC Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Mar 26, 2026 (3 filings since Nov 4, 2024)
  • EARNEST PARTNERS LLC Filed SCHEDULE 13G on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest May 15, 2025
  • HPS Investment Partners, LLC Filed SC 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Feb 14, 2024 (3 filings since Oct 12, 2021)
  • ANGELO GORDON & CO., L.P. Filed SC 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Feb 14, 2023 (2 filings since Feb 14, 2022)
  • Hotchkis & Wiley Capital Management Filed SC 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Feb 14, 2022
  • The Bank of New York Mellon Filed SC 13G/A on EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., latest Feb 10, 2022 (2 filings since Feb 8, 2022)
  • EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V. Houston, Texas
    • Coretrax Global Limited Subsidiary · United Kingdom
    • Exploration and Production Services (Holdings) Ltd Subsidiary · United Kingdom
    • Expro Holdings UK 3 Ltd Subsidiary · United Kingdom
    • Expro Holdings UK 4 Ltd Subsidiary · United Kingdom
    • Expro International B.V. Subsidiary · Netherlands
    • Expro LP B.V. Subsidiary · Netherlands
    • Expro North Sea Ltd Subsidiary · United Kingdom
    • Expro Partners, LLC Subsidiary · Delaware, United States
    • Expro Resources Ltd Subsidiary · United Kingdom
    • Expro US Holdings LLC Subsidiary · Delaware, United States
    • Expro Worldwide B.V. Subsidiary · Netherlands
    • Frank's International (Gibraltar) Limited Subsidiary · Gibraltar
    • Frank's International C.V. Subsidiary · Netherlands
    • Frank's International Coöperatief U.A. Subsidiary · Netherlands
    • Frank's International Operations B.V. Subsidiary · Netherlands

Built from subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21 of annual reports filed with the SEC; major holders from Schedules 13D and 13G. Each entity in the chart links to its source.

What it owns

What EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V. reports owning in its annual reports to the SEC: buildings, land and equipment, real estate and locations, investments, intangible assets and inventory, at the end of its latest fiscal year and a year before.

Property and equipment

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Finance-lease assets$9.9M5 Dec 31, 2025$12.2M5 Dec 31, 2024−18.2%
Operating-lease assets (leased space)$72.8M5 Dec 31, 2025$66.6M5 Dec 31, 2024+9.2%

Real estate and locations

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Countries it operates in505 Dec 31, 2025509 Dec 31, 20240%

Investments

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Cash and cash equivalents$196.1M5 Dec 31, 2025$183.0M5 Dec 31, 2024+7.1%
Stakes in other companies (equity method)$78.7M5 Dec 31, 2025$73.0M5 Dec 31, 2024+7.8%

Intangibles and goodwill

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Goodwill$348.6M5 Dec 31, 2025$348.9M5 Dec 31, 2024−0.1%
Intangible assets, net (excluding goodwill)$251.3M5 Dec 31, 2025$298.9M5 Dec 31, 2024−15.9%
Finite-lived intangibles, gross$621.2M5 Dec 31, 2025$617.4M5 Dec 31, 2024+0.6%
Accumulated amortization$369.9M5 Dec 31, 2025$318.5M5 Dec 31, 2024+16.1%
Finite-lived intangibles, net$251.3M5 Dec 31, 2025$298.9M5 Dec 31, 2024−15.9%

Inventory

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Inventory, total$167.9M5 Dec 31, 2025$159.0M5 Dec 31, 2024+5.6%
Raw materials$150.0M5 Dec 31, 2025$143.5M5 Dec 31, 2024+4.5%
Work in process$4.7M5 Dec 31, 2025$2.2M5 Dec 31, 2024+112.8%
Finished goods$13.2M5 Dec 31, 2025$13.3M5 Dec 31, 2024−0.9%

Properties, in its own words

In order to design, manufacture and service the proprietary equipment that support our operations, as well as the products that we offer for sale directly to external customers, we maintain several manufacturing and service facilities around the world. We currently provide our services and products in over 50 countries.

The following table details our material facilities by segment, owned or leased by us as of December 31, 2025.

The rest of Item 2

Leased or

Location · Owned · Principal/Most Significant Use

All Segments

Houston, Texas · Leased · Corporate office, manufacturing

Reading, United Kingdom · Leased · Corporate office

Aberdeen, United Kingdom · Owned/Leased · Regional operations, manufacturing, engineering and administration

Lafayette, Louisiana · Owned · Regional operations, manufacturing, engineering and administration

Hyderabad, India · Leased · Engineering and administration

Georgetown, Guyana · Leased · Regional operations

Macaé, Brazil · Owned · Regional operations and administration

Neuquen, Argentina · Leased · Regional operations

Broussard, Louisiana · Leased · Regional operations

Villahermosa, Mexico · Leased · Regional operations

Den Helder, the Netherlands · Owned/Leased · Regional operations and administration

Stavanger, Norway · Leased · Regional operations

Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (“KSA”) · Leased · Corporate office and regional operations

Riyadh, KSA · Leased · Regional operations

Dubai, United Arab Emirates · Leased · Regional operations and administration

Hassi Messaoud, Algeria · Leased · Regional operations

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · Leased · Regional operations and administration

Labuan, Malaysia · Leased · Regional operations

Perth, Australia · Leased · Regional operations

Our largest manufacturing facilities are located in Aberdeen, Scotland and Lafayette, Louisiana, where we design, manufacture and/or assemble a substantial portion of our service equipment. We believe the facilities that we currently occupy are suitable for their intended use.

Item 2 of the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026.4

Leadership

Who has led EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V., and when. Pick a name to see everywhere that person has worked.

Board members and other officers (41)

Subsidiaries and ownership

Subsidiaries (Exhibit 21)

  • Coretrax Global Limited United Kingdom3
  • Exploration and Production Services (Holdings) Ltd United Kingdom3
  • Expro Holdings UK 3 Ltd United Kingdom3
  • Expro Holdings UK 4 Ltd United Kingdom3
  • Expro International B.V. The Netherlands3
  • Expro LP B.V. The Netherlands3
  • Expro North Sea Ltd United Kingdom3
  • Expro Partners, LLC Delaware, USA3
  • Expro Resources Ltd United Kingdom3
  • Expro US Holdings LLC Delaware, USA3
  • Expro Worldwide B.V. The Netherlands3
  • Frank's International (Gibraltar) Limited Gibraltar3
  • Frank's International C.V. The Netherlands3
  • Frank's International Coöperatief U.A. The Netherlands3
  • Frank's International Operations B.V. The Netherlands3

The subsidiaries the company lists in Exhibit 21 of its annual report, as filed.

Former names

  • Frank's International N.V.May 2, 2017 to Sep 15, 20212

Timeline

  1. Jun 15, 20268-K Shareholder vote67
  2. May 14, 20268-K Entered a material agreement; New debt or obligation68
  3. May 5, 20268-K Results of operations; Regulation FD disclosure; Other events69
  4. Feb 19, 20268-K Results of operations; Regulation FD disclosure70
  5. Oct 23, 20258-K Results of operations; Regulation FD disclosure71
  6. Jul 29, 20258-K Results of operations; Regulation FD disclosure72
  7. Jun 16, 20258-K Executive or director change; Regulation FD disclosure73
  8. Jun 9, 20258-K Shareholder vote74
  9. Apr 30, 20258-K Results of operations; Regulation FD disclosure75
  10. Feb 25, 20258-K Results of operations; Regulation FD disclosure76
  11. Dec 12, 20248-K Other events77
  12. Oct 24, 20248-K Results of operations; Regulation FD disclosure78
  13. Oct 4, 2021New chief executive Michael Jardon becomes CEO15
  14. Sep 28, 2017New chief executive Michael C. Kearney becomes CEO16
  15. Nov 17, 2016New chief executive Douglas Glen Stephens becomes CEO18
  16. Feb 25, 2016New chief executive Gary Luquette becomes CEO17

Calendar

When it reported results

  1. May 5, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results69
  2. Feb 19, 2026Reported quarterly or annual results70
  3. Oct 23, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results71
  4. Jul 29, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results72
  5. Apr 30, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results75
  6. Feb 25, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results76
  7. Oct 24, 2024Reported quarterly or annual results78
  8. Jul 25, 2024Reported quarterly or annual results79

Upcoming dates from Nasdaq's calendar; past results from the company's 8-K filings (Item 2.02). The full markets calendar

Filings

338 filings to the SEC since October 2021: 5 annual reports, 15 quarterly reports, 43 major events, 168 insider forms, 50 large holders, 57 other. The latest 20:

  1. Oct 8, 2026SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  2. Aug 14, 2026SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  3. Aug 14, 2026SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  4. Aug 14, 2026SCHEDULE 13G EDGAR
  5. Aug 7, 2026SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  6. Aug 6, 2026SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  7. Jul 27, 2026EFFECT EDGAR
  8. Jul 24, 202615-12G EDGAR
  9. Jul 23, 2026S-8 POS EDGAR
  10. Jul 23, 2026POS AM EDGAR
  11. Jul 1, 20264 EDGAR
  12. Jul 1, 20264 EDGAR
  13. Jun 17, 20264 EDGAR
  14. Jun 15, 20268-K EDGAR
  15. Jun 3, 2026144 EDGAR
  16. Jun 3, 2026144 EDGAR
  17. Jun 3, 20264 EDGAR
  18. Jun 3, 20264 EDGAR
  19. Jun 3, 20264 EDGAR
  20. Jun 3, 20264 EDGAR

The 338 filings since October 2021 can be filtered by form type and year here when JavaScript is on.

Every filing from the last five years, summarized. The full record is on SEC EDGAR.

Insider trades

47 open-market trades by officers, directors and large owners since October 2021: 2 buys and 45 sales. Grants, option exercises and gifts are left out.

DateWhoTradeSharesPriceValueFiling
Jun 3, 2026TROE LISA LDirectorSale6,168$15.14$93.4KForm 4
Jun 3, 2026Whelley Eileen GossDirectorSale6,168$15.14$93.4KForm 4
Jun 3, 2025Whelley Eileen GossDirectorSale2,712$8.17$22.2KForm 4
Jun 3, 2025TROE LISA LDirectorSale2,712$8.17$22.2KForm 4
Dec 17, 2024Jardon MichaelPresident & CEOBuy45,200$10.91$493.1KForm 4
Dec 16, 2024Drummond Robert Wayne JrDirectorBuy18,000$11.39$205.0KForm 4
Jun 21, 2024Russell Steven JChief Technology OfficerSale15,000$23.01$345.1KForm 4
Jun 3, 2024TROE LISA LDirectorSale2,820$21.13$59.6KForm 4
Jun 3, 2024Whelley Eileen GossDirectorSale2,820$21.13$59.6KForm 4
May 20, 2024OAK HILL ADVISORS LP10% ownerSale2,701,920$22.25$60.1MForm 4
May 16, 2024Fanning Quinn PChief Financial OfficerSale17,500$21.06$368.6KForm 4
Sep 15, 2023Drummond Robert Wayne JrDirectorSale13,000$24.19$314.5KForm 4
Sep 15, 2023KEARNEY MICHAEL CDirectorSale15,400$24.16$372.1KForm 4
Sep 14, 2023OAK HILL ADVISORS LP10% ownerSale3,000,000$22.96$68.9MForm 4
Sep 13, 2023KEARNEY MICHAEL CDirectorSale2,600$23.84$62.0KForm 4
Sep 6, 2023KEARNEY MICHAEL CDirectorSale5,735$24.44$140.2KForm 4
Aug 10, 2023KEARNEY MICHAEL CDirectorSale25,000$24.15$603.8KForm 4
Jul 26, 2023KEARNEY MICHAEL CDirectorSale25,000$23.14$578.5KForm 4
Jul 21, 2023KEARNEY MICHAEL CDirectorSale25,000$22.03$550.8KForm 4
Jun 13, 2023OAK HILL ADVISORS LP10% ownerSale2,320,000$17.37$40.3MForm 4

All 47 trades can be filtered by person here when JavaScript is on.

From Forms 4 filed with the SEC.

Major holders

Investors who own more than 5% of the shares must tell the SEC: a 13D if they may seek to influence the company, a 13G if they hold passively.

Executive pay

What the company paid its top executives, from the summary compensation table in its proxy statement. Total pay includes salary, bonus, stock and option awards and other pay, as the company valued them.

YearExecutiveAgeSalaryTotal pay
2024Michael JardonPresident and Chief Executive Officer55$1.0M$7.0M92
2024Alistair GeddesChief Operating Officer62$529.2K$2.8M92
2024Quinn FanningChief Financial Officer61$456.4K$2.5M92
2024Steven RussellChief Technology Officer57$431.5K$1.9M92
2024John McAlisterGeneral Counsel and Secretary58$408.0K$1.9M92
2023Michael JardonPresident and Chief Executive Officer55$1.0M$7.1M92
2023Alistair GeddesChief Operating Officer62$527.3K$2.7M92
2023Quinn FanningChief Financial Officer61$450.0K$2.6M92
2023Steven RussellChief Technology Officer57$425.0K$2.0M92
2023John McAlisterGeneral Counsel and Secretary58$386.1K$1.9M92
2022Michael JardonPresident and Chief Executive Officer55$1.0M$2.5M92
2022Alistair GeddesChief Operating Officer62$520.7K$1.1M92
2022Quinn FanningChief Financial Officer61$450.0K$930.4K92
2022John McAlisterGeneral Counsel and Secretary58$385.6K$819.7K92
2022Steven RussellChief Technology Officer57$425.0K$811.0K92

SEC filer profile

How EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V. is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, from its EDGAR record and the cover page of its latest annual report.

  • Name on EDGAREXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V.1
  • CIK0001575828
  • Employer ID (EIN)98-11071454
  • Filer statusLarge accelerated filer not an emerging growth company; not a smaller reporting company; not a shell company4
  • Incorporated inNetherlands4
  • Fiscal year endsDecember 311
  • Industry code (SIC)1389 Oil & Gas Field Services, NEC1
  • SEC reviewing officeOffice of Energy & Transportation, Division of Corporation Finance1
  • Business address1311 Broadfield Blvd., Suite 400, Houston, TX 770841
  • Phone713-463-97761
  • Shares outstanding113,395,283 as of Apr 28, 202613
  • Public float$882.3M as of Jun 30, 20254
  • AuditorDELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP, Houston, Texas PCAOB ID 34; it also attests to the company’s internal control over financial reporting4
  • On EDGAR sinceMay 10, 20131
  • Filings1,229 in all: 4 (660), 8-K (126), 3 (98), 10-Q (39), 425 (33), 4/A (30), DEFA14A (27), SC 13G/A (23)1
    All 48 form types

    144 (19), SCHEDULE 13G/A (19), CORRESP (18), UPLOAD (18), DEF 14A (14), 10-K (13), PRE 14A (11), SC 13G (10), ARS (6), S-1/A (6), SC 13D/A (6), EFFECT (5), 424B7 (4), S-4/A (4), S-8 (4), SCHEDULE 13G (4), S-3ASR (3), SD (3), 3/A (2), 424B3 (2), POS AM (2), SC 13D (2), 10-Q/A (1), 15-12G (1), 25-NSE (1), 424B4 (1), 8-A12B (1), 8-K/A (1), CERTNYS (1), D (1), DEFM14A (1), FWP (1), NT 10-K (1), POSASR (1), S-1 (1), S-3 (1), S-3/A (1), S-4 (1), S-8 POS (1), SCHEDULE 13D/A (1)

  • Latest filingsAnnual report (10-K) Feb 19, 2026
    Quarterly report (10-Q) May 5, 2026
    Proxy statement (DEF 14A) Apr 11, 2025
    Latest 8-K (8-K) Jun 15, 2026

Securities registered for trading

ClassSymbolExchange
Common Stock, €0.06 nominal valueXPRONew York Stock Exchange

From the cover page of the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026 (Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act).4

Risk factors and legal proceedings

The risks EXPRO GROUP HOLDINGS N.V. names in Item 1A of its 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026: 25 risks under these headings, as written.4

  • Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
  • Our business depends on the level of activity in the oil and gas industry.
  • Physical dangers and operating hazards are inherent in our operations and may expose us to significant potential costs and losses.
  • We may not be fully indemnified against financial losses in all circumstances where damage to or loss of property, personal injury, death or environmental harm occur.
  • Our operations and revenue expose us to political, economic and other uncertainties inherent in doing business in each of the countries in which we operate.
  • To compete in our industry, we must continue to develop new technologies and products to support our operations, secure and maintain patents related to our current and new technologies and products and protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.
  • The industry in which we operate has undergone and may continue to undergo consolidation.
  • We are subject to the risk of supplier concentration.
  • Seasonal and weather conditions, as well as natural disasters, could adversely affect demand for our services and products and could result in severe property damage or materially and adversely disrupt our operations.
  • Stakeholder and public perception related to the Company’s sustainability performance as well as current and future sustainability reporting requirements may affect our business and our operating results.
  • Our business could be negatively affected by cybersecurity incidents and other disruptions.
  • If we are unable to adapt our business to the effects of the energy transition in a timely and effective manner, our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
The other 14 risks
  • Our approach to artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that can impact our business.
  • Risks Related to Accounting and Financial Matters
  • Customer credit risks could result in losses.
  • Restrictions in the agreement governing our Revolving Credit Facility (“RCF”) could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price.
  • Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Requirements
  • Our operations and our customers’ operations are subject to a variety of governmental laws and regulations that may increase our costs, limit the demand for our services and products or restrict our operations.
  • Our operations are subject to environmental and operational safety laws and regulations that may expose us to significant costs and liabilities.
  • Our operations may be adversely affected by various laws and regulations in countries in which we operate related to the equipment and operation of drilling units, oil and gas exploration and development, as well as import and export activities.
  • We are required to comply with several complex laws pertaining to business conduct, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar legislation enacted by Governments outside the U.S.
  • There are various risks associated with greenhouse gases and climate change legislation or regulations that could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for our services.
  • Data protection and regulations related to privacy, data protection and information security could increase our costs, and our failure to comply could result in fines, sanctions or other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, as well as have an impact on our reputation.
  • Risks Related to Our Common Stock
  • The market price of our common stock may be volatile.
  • As a Dutch company with limited liability, the rights of our shareholders may be different from the rights of shareholders in companies governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions.
  • Our articles of association and Dutch corporate law contain provisions that may discourage a takeover attempt.
  • It may be difficult for you to obtain or enforce judgments against us or some of our executive officers and directors in the U.S. or the Netherlands.
  • Risks Related to Tax Matters
  • Changes in tax laws, treaties or regulations or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our tax returns could adversely affect our financial results.

Legal proceedings

Information related to Item 3. “Legal Proceedings” is included in Note 18 “Commitments and contingencies” to the consolidated financial statements.

The opening of Item 3, Legal Proceedings.4

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