Private company

INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP.

INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. is an American computer programming, data processing services company.1 It is headquartered in New York, New York.1

Last updated Oct 20, 2026.

Overview

  • IndustryServices-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc.1
  • HeadquartersNew York, New York1
  • Incorporated inDE2
  • Business address12 East 49Th Street, 20Th Floor, New York, Ny 100172
  • Filer categoryLarge accelerated filer2

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Financials

From the company’s reports to the SEC. Every number links to the filing it came from.

Key numbers, fiscal 2024

11.4%Operating margin4
7.1%Net margin4
11.7%Revenue growth, 20244
3.7%Return on equity4
0.03×Debt to equity4
$116.1MFree cash flow4

Where the money goes

Where each dollar of revenue went, fiscal 2024

  • Research and development13¢$69.9M
  • Other costs76¢$405.2M
  • Income tax3¢$17.2M
  • Profit7¢$37.8M

Out of $530.1M in revenue.4

Where each dollar of operating cash went, fiscal 2024

  • Capital spending2¢$1.8M
  • Kept or used elsewhere98¢$116.1M

Out of $117.9M of cash from operations.4

Financial statements

Revenue5674$530.1M in 2024+148% since 2019
0$200.0M$400.0M$600.0M2019: $213.5M$213.5M20192020: $240.6M$240.6M2020+13%2021: $323.5M$323.5M2021+34%2022: $408.3M$408.3M2022+26%2023: $474.4M$474.4M2023+16%2024: $530.1M$530.1M2024+12%
Operating income5674$60.4M in 2024
-$50.0M-$25.0M0$25.0M$50.0M$75.0M2019: -$33.8M-$33.8M20192020: -$13.9M-$13.9M2020−59%2021: -$33.0M-$33.0M2021+138%2022: $15.2M$15.2M20222023: $17.1M$17.1M2023+13%2024: $60.4M$60.4M2024+253%
Net income5674$37.8M in 2024
-$75.0M-$50.0M-$25.0M0$25.0M$50.0M2019: -$51.3M-$51.3M20192020: -$32.4M-$32.4M2020−37%2021: -$52.4M-$52.4M2021+62%2022: $15.4M$15.4M20222023: $7.2M$7.2M2023−53%2024: $37.8M$37.8M2024+422%
Fiscal year2018201920202021202220232024
Revenue$213.5M5$240.6M6$323.5M7$408.3M4$474.4M4$530.1M4
Research and development$40.4M5$49.0M6$67.0M7$76.4M4$72.9M4$69.9M4
Operating expenses$356.5M7$393.2M4$457.3M4$469.7M4
Operating income-$33.8M5-$13.9M6-$33.0M7$15.2M4$17.1M4$60.4M4
Interest$33.0M5$31.6M5$19.2M7$9.1M7$12.2M7
Income before tax-$56.0M7$13.1M4$4.9M4$55.0M4
Income tax-$15.4M5-$13.1M6-$3.5M7-$2.3M4-$2.4M4$17.2M4
Net income-$51.3M5-$32.4M6-$52.4M7$15.4M4$7.2M4$37.8M4
Earnings per share-$0.395-$0.246-$0.377$0.104$0.054$0.234
Earnings per share (diluted)-$0.395-$0.246-$0.377$0.104$0.044$0.234
Shares (weighted, basic)143.5M shares7154.7M shares4156.3M shares4161.1M shares4
Shares (weighted, diluted)143.5M shares7157.3M shares4161.7M shares4165.5M shares4

Compare INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. with another company

Corporate structure

INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. sits at the top of its group. 3 entities, 1 country on record. Switch between the flow chart and the network, and select any entity to see its details.

Major holders of INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP.

  • GLAZER CAPITAL, LLC Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP., latest Feb 12, 2026 (2 filings since Dec 9, 2025)
  • Vista Equity Partners Fund VI, L.P. Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP., latest Dec 29, 2025 (4 filings since Feb 8, 2022)
  • Atlas Venture Fund VIII, L.P. Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP., latest Dec 23, 2025 (3 filings since Feb 7, 2022)
  • Sunriver Management LLC Filed SCHEDULE 13G/A on INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP., latest Nov 13, 2025 (2 filings since Aug 13, 2025)
  • VANGUARD GROUP INC Filed SC 13G on INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP., latest Feb 13, 2024
  • SAPPHIRE VENTURES, L.P. Filed SC 13G/A on INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP., latest Feb 10, 2023 (2 filings since Feb 11, 2022)
  • INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. New York, New York
    • Integral Ad Science, Inc. Subsidiary · Delaware, United States
    • Publica LLC Subsidiary · Delaware, United States

Built from subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21 of annual reports filed with the SEC; major holders from Schedules 13D and 13G. Each entity in the chart links to its source.

What it owns

What INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. reports owning in its annual reports to the SEC: buildings, land and equipment, real estate and locations, investments, intangible assets and inventory, at the end of its latest fiscal year and a year before.

Property and equipment

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Computer equipment and software$101.3M4 Dec 31, 2024$69.8M4 Dec 31, 2023+45.2%
Property and equipment, before depreciation$7.3M4 Dec 31, 2024$7.4M4 Dec 31, 2023−2.0%
Accumulated depreciation$3.3M4 Dec 31, 2024$3.6M4 Dec 31, 2023−10.5%
Property and equipment, net$4.0M4 Dec 31, 2024$3.8M4 Dec 31, 2023+6.2%
Operating-lease assets (leased space)$17.9M4 Dec 31, 2024$21.7M4 Dec 31, 2023−17.4%

Investments

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Cash and cash equivalents$84.5M4 Dec 31, 2024$124.8M4 Dec 31, 2023−32.3%

Intangibles and goodwill

ItemLatestA year beforeChange
Goodwill$673.0M4 Dec 31, 2024$675.3M4 Dec 31, 2023−0.3%
Finite-lived intangibles, gross$458.5M4 Dec 31, 2024$459.3M4 Dec 31, 2023−0.2%
Accumulated amortization$317.6M4 Dec 31, 2024$280.3M4 Dec 31, 2023+13.3%
Finite-lived intangibles, net$140.9M4 Dec 31, 2024$178.9M4 Dec 31, 2023−21.2%

Properties, in its own words

Our corporate headquarters are located in New York, New York. We have domestic offices in Chicago and San Francisco, and our international presence is primarily concentrated in London, Dublin, Paris, Berlin, Hamburg, Madrid, Milan, Sydney, Tokyo, Singapore, and Pune.

We lease all of our facilities. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs and anticipate that suitable additional space will be readily available to accommodate any foreseeable expansion of our operations.

Item 2 of the 10-K filed Feb 28, 2025.11

Leadership

Who has led INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP., and when. Pick a name to see everywhere that person has worked.

Chief executive

  1. Lisa Utzschneider2021–now

Chief financial officer

  1. Joseph Pergola2021
  2. Tania Secor2022–2025
  3. Jill Putman2025
  4. Alpana Wegner2025–now

Chief operating officer

  1. Oleg Bershadsky2021–2023
2025
Board members and other officers (13)

Subsidiaries and ownership

Subsidiaries (Exhibit 21)

  • Integral Ad Science, Inc. Delaware3
  • Publica LLC Delaware3

The subsidiaries the company lists in Exhibit 21 of its annual report, as filed.

Former names

  • INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING LLCMar 31, 2021 to Jun 29, 20212
  • KAVACHA TOPCO, LLCFeb 12, 2021 to Feb 12, 20212

Timeline

  1. Dec 23, 20258-K Entered a material agreement; Ended a material agreement; Completed an acquisition or sale30
  2. Dec 12, 20258-K Other events31
  3. Nov 4, 20258-K Results of operations32
  4. Sep 24, 20258-K Other events33
  5. Sep 24, 20258-K Entered a material agreement; Shareholder vote34
  6. Aug 7, 20258-K Results of operations35
  7. Jun 18, 20258-K Entered a material agreement; New debt or obligation; Regulation FD disclosure36
  8. Jun 3, 20258-K Executive or director change; Regulation FD disclosure37
  9. May 12, 20258-K Results of operations38
  10. May 6, 20258-K Shareholder vote39
  11. Feb 28, 20258-K Results of operations40
  12. Feb 3, 20258-K Executive or director change41
  13. Jun 29, 2021New chief executive Lisa Utzschneider becomes CEO12

Calendar

When it reported results

  1. Nov 4, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results32
  2. Aug 7, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results35
  3. May 12, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results38
  4. Feb 28, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results40
  5. Jan 3, 2025Reported quarterly or annual results42
  6. Nov 12, 2024Reported quarterly or annual results43
  7. Aug 1, 2024Reported quarterly or annual results44
  8. May 9, 2024Reported quarterly or annual results45

Upcoming dates from Nasdaq's calendar; past results from the company's 8-K filings (Item 2.02). The full markets calendar

Filings

317 filings to the SEC since October 2021: 5 annual reports, 13 quarterly reports, 43 major events, 142 insider forms, 14 large holders, 100 other. The latest 20:

  1. Feb 12, 2026SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  2. Jan 2, 202615-12G EDGAR
  3. Dec 29, 2025SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  4. Dec 29, 20254 EDGAR
  5. Dec 23, 20254 EDGAR
  6. Dec 23, 20254 EDGAR
  7. Dec 23, 20254 EDGAR
  8. Dec 23, 20254 EDGAR
  9. Dec 23, 20254 EDGAR
  10. Dec 23, 20254 EDGAR
  11. Dec 23, 20254 EDGAR
  12. Dec 23, 2025S-8 POS EDGAR
  13. Dec 23, 2025S-8 POS EDGAR
  14. Dec 23, 2025POSASR EDGAR
  15. Dec 23, 20258-K EDGAR
  16. Dec 23, 2025SCHEDULE 13G/A EDGAR
  17. Dec 23, 20254 OWNERSHIP DOCUMENT EDGAR
  18. Dec 12, 20258-K EDGAR
  19. Dec 9, 2025SCHEDULE 13G EDGAR
  20. Dec 3, 20254 EDGAR

The 317 filings since October 2021 can be filtered by form type and year here when JavaScript is on.

Every filing from the last five years, summarized. The full record is on SEC EDGAR.

Insider trades

79 open-market trades by officers, directors and large owners since October 2021: 0 buys and 79 sales. Grants, option exercises and gifts are left out.

DateWhoTradeSharesPriceValueFiling
Dec 2, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale2,781$10.28$28.6KForm 4
Nov 5, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale12,180$10.24$124.7KForm 4
Oct 7, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale9,264$10.19$94.4KForm 4
Oct 3, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale3,527$10.18$35.9KForm 4
Oct 3, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale17,267$10.19$176.0KForm 4
Oct 2, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale1,992$10.18$20.3KForm 4
Sep 24, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale25,901$10.18$263.7KForm 4
Sep 3, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale2,784$8.98$25.0KForm 4
Aug 6, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale9,922$8.12$80.6KForm 4
Jul 10, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale8,285$8.29$68.7KForm 4
Jul 8, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale14,904$8.31$123.9KForm 4
Jul 7, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale1,962$8.43$16.5KForm 4
Jun 3, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale2,851$7.97$22.7KForm 4
May 7, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale8,367$7.37$61.7KForm 4
Apr 7, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale8,547$6.85$58.5KForm 4
Apr 3, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale68,671$7.44$510.9KForm 4
Apr 2, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale637$8.05$5.1KForm 4
Mar 4, 2025Gil Alexis IIChief Accounting OfficerSale3,284$10.41$34.2KForm 4
Feb 4, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale12,448$10.61$132.1KForm 4
Jan 7, 2025Utzschneider LisaChief Executive OfficerSale5,940$9.75$57.9KForm 4

All 79 trades can be filtered by person here when JavaScript is on.

From Forms 4 filed with the SEC.

Major holders

Investors who own more than 5% of the shares must tell the SEC: a 13D if they may seek to influence the company, a 13G if they hold passively.

Executive pay

What the company paid its top executives, from the summary compensation table in its proxy statement. Total pay includes salary, bonus, stock and option awards and other pay, as the company valued them.

YearExecutiveAgeSalaryTotal pay
2024Lisa Utzschneider(Chief Executive Officer)56$525.0K$9.6M52
2024Tania Secor(Former Chief Financial Officer)$500.0K$4.0M52
2023Lisa Utzschneider(Chief Executive Officer)56$525.0K$10.0M52
2023Tania Secor(Former Chief Financial Officer)$500.0K$6.0M52
2022Lisa Utzschneider(Chief Executive Officer)56$518.8K$7.6M52
2022Tania Secor(Former Chief Financial Officer)$37.9K$5.1M52

SEC filer profile

How INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, from its EDGAR record and the cover page of its latest annual report.

  • Name on EDGARINTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP.1
  • CIK0001842718
  • Employer ID (EIN)83-073199511
  • Filer statusLarge accelerated filer not an emerging growth company; not a smaller reporting company; not a shell company11
  • Incorporated inDelaware11
  • Fiscal year endsDecember 311
  • Industry code (SIC)7370 Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc.1
  • SEC reviewing officeOffice of Technology, Division of Corporation Finance1
  • Business address12 East 49Th Street, 20Th Floor, New York, NY 100171
  • Phone(646) 278-48711
  • Shares outstanding167,854,529 as of Oct 30, 202510
  • Public float$928.0M as of Jun 30, 202411
  • AuditorPricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, New York PCAOB ID 238; it also attests to the company’s internal control over financial reporting11
  • On EDGAR sinceFeb 12, 20211
  • Filings365 in all: 4 (140), 144 (77), 8-K (48), 3 (20), 10-Q (14), UPLOAD (5), 10-K (4), CORRESP (4)1
    All 34 form types

    DEF 14A (4), FWP (4), SC 13G (4), SC 13G/A (4), SCHEDULE 13G/A (4), 424B4 (3), ARS (3), DRS/A (3), S-1/A (3), DRSLTR (2), S-8 (2), S-8 POS (2), SCHEDULE 13G (2), 10-K/A (1), 15-12G (1), 25-NSE (1), 8-A12B (1), CERT (1), DEFM14C (1), DRS (1), EFFECT (1), POSASR (1), PRE 14A (1), PREM14C (1), S-1 (1), S-3ASR (1)

  • Latest filingsAnnual report (10-K) Feb 28, 2025
    Quarterly report (10-Q) Nov 4, 2025
    Proxy statement (DEF 14A) Mar 28, 2025
    Latest 8-K (8-K) Dec 23, 2025

Securities registered for trading

ClassSymbolExchange
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per shareIASThe NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

From the cover page of the 10-K filed Feb 28, 2025 (Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act).11

Risk factors and legal proceedings

The risks INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP. names in Item 1A of its 10-K filed Feb 28, 2025: 58 risks under these headings, as written.11

  • Risks Relating to Our Business and Strategy
  • Our revenue and results of operations are highly dependent on the overall demand for advertising. Macroeconomic and geopolitical factors that affect the amount of advertising spending make it difficult to predict our revenue and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
  • If we fail to innovate and make the right investment decisions in our offerings and platform, including responding to technological changes or upgrading our technology systems, we may not attract new customers and retain customers and our revenue and results of operations may decline.
  • Issues in the development and use of AI and ML, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, a loss of customers or other unexpected consequences which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
  • We may not sustain profitability in the future, particularly if our revenue growth continues to decline.
  • If our existing and future product offerings fail to maintain or achieve industry accreditation standards, customer acceptance of our products may decrease which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
  • If we are unable to provide digital or cross-platform analytics, or if our analytics are incomplete, our ability to maintain and grow our business may be harmed.
  • We rely on integrations with advertising platforms, DSPs, proprietary platforms and ad servers, over which we exercise little control.
  • Our revenue model depends on high impression volumes, the growth of which may not be sustained.
  • The market in which we participate is intensely competitive, both from established and new companies, and we may not be able to compete successfully with our current or future competitors.
  • We may be exposed to risk as a result of our relationships with third parties, and we may not be able to recover such losses from them.
  • Our international expansion may expose us to risks.
The other 47 risks
  • We experience fluctuations in our results of operations, which make our future results of operations difficult to predict or could cause our results of operations to fall below analysts’ and investors’ expectations.
  • If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.
  • Our future success depends in part on our ability to expand into new channels.
  • We are subject to payment-related risks and, if our customers do not pay or dispute their invoices, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.
  • We have revenue share agreements with certain DSPs and any material changes to those sharing arrangements could affect our costs.
  • Clients periodically review and change their advertising, marketing and corporate communications requirements and relationships. If we are unable to remain competitive, retain key clients or lose several of our largest clients, our business, results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected.
  • Our sales and marketing efforts require significant investments and, in certain cases, involve long sales cycles, which can result in significant time between initial contact with a prospect and execution of a customer contract, making it difficult to project when, if at all, we will obtain new customers and when we will generate revenue from those customers.
  • We may need to change our pricing models to compete successfully.
  • Acquisitions we have completed in the past and may consummate in the future, strategic investments or alliances could disrupt our business and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
  • Our international operations require increased expenditures and impose additional risks and compliance imperatives, and failure to successfully execute our international plans will adversely affect our growth and operating results.
  • Certain of our operating results and financial metrics may be difficult to accurately predict as a result of seasonality.
  • We have a short operating history, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.
  • The market for buying digital advertising verification solutions is relatively new and evolving. If this market and the corresponding markets develop slower or differently than we expect, our business, growth prospects and financial condition would be adversely affected.
  • Risks Related to Intellectual Property and Technology
  • Failures in the systems and infrastructure supporting our solutions and operations could significantly disrupt our operations and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations, harm our reputation and cause us to lose customers.
  • Operational, technical and performance issues with our platform, whether real or perceived, may adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and operating results.
  • If unauthorized access is obtained to user, customer or inventory and third-party provider data, or our platform, or that of our third-party providers, is compromised, our services may be disrupted or perceived as insecure, and as a result, we may lose existing customers or fail to attract new customers, and we may incur significant reputational harm and legal and financial liabilities.
  • Our inability to use software licensed from third parties, or our use of open source software under license terms that interfere with our proprietary rights, could disrupt our business.
  • If the non-proprietary technology, software, products and services that we use are unavailable, become subject to future license or other terms that are unattractive or that we cannot agree to, or do not perform as we expect, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
  • We may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement, misappropriation or other violation of their proprietary rights, which would result in additional expense and potential damages.
  • We may be unable to obtain, maintain, protect or enforce intellectual property and proprietary rights that are important to our business, which could enable others to copy or use aspects of our technology without compensating us, thereby eroding our competitive advantages and harming our business.
  • We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our intellectual property, which could be expensive, time consuming and unsuccessful.
  • We may become subject to claims that our employees, consultants, or advisors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their current or former employers.
  • If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest and our competitive position may be harmed.
  • Risks Related to Laws and Regulation
  • Privacy and data protection laws and regulation on digital advertising may cause us to incur additional or unexpected costs, subject us to enforcement actions for compliance failures, or cause us to change our platform or business model, which may have a material adverse effect on our business.
  • Concerns regarding data privacy and security relating to our industry’s technology and practices, and perceived failure to comply with laws and industry self-regulation, could damage our reputation and deter current and potential customers from using our products and services.
  • Operating in multiple countries requires us to comply with different legal and regulatory requirements.
  • Uncertainty caused by lack of uniformity among laws to which we are or may become subject and instability in the global legal landscape may cause us to incur additional or unexpected costs and legal risk, increase our risk of reputational harm, or cause us to change our platform or business model.
  • We are subject to taxation in multiple jurisdictions. Any adverse development in the tax laws of any of these jurisdictions or any disagreement with our tax positions could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
  • Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, value added or similar taxes, and we could be subject to liability with respect to past or future sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
  • Our annual effective income tax rate can change materially as a result of changes in our mix of U.S. and foreign earnings and other factors, including changes in tax laws and changes made by regulatory authorities.
  • Risks Related to Being a Public Company
  • If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations. If our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, it may adversely affect investor confidence in us and the price of our common stock.
  • We depend on our senior management team and other key personnel to manage our business effectively, and if we are unable to retain such key personnel or hire additional qualified personnel, our ability to compete could be harmed.
  • If we are unable to attract, integrate and retain additional qualified personnel, including top technical talent, our business could be adversely affected.
  • Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness
  • Our existing indebtedness could adversely affect our business and growth prospects.
  • Despite current indebtedness levels and restrictive covenants, we may still be able to incur substantially more indebtedness or make certain restricted payments, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness.
  • We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to service all of our indebtedness, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under such indebtedness, which may not be successful.
  • The terms of the financing documents governing our Credit Agreement restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
  • We may be unable to refinance our indebtedness.
  • Our failure to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in new technologies in the future could reduce our ability to compete successfully and harm our results of operations.
  • Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
  • Vista Equity Partners owns a large percentage of our common stock and has significant influence over us, and its interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future.
  • An active, liquid trading market for our common stock may not be sustained, which may limit your ability to sell your shares.
  • Provisions of our corporate governance documents could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management, even if beneficial to our shareholders.
  • Our certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our shareholders and the federal district courts of the U.S. as the exclusive forum for litigation arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), which could limit our shareholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
  • Because we have no current plans to pay regular cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
  • If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our shares or if our results of operations do not meet their expectations, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
  • We may issue shares of preferred stock in the future, which could make it difficult for another company to acquire us or could otherwise adversely affect holders of our common stock, which could depress the price of our common stock.
  • General Risk Factors
  • Our corporate culture has contributed to our success and, if we are unable to maintain it, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

Legal proceedings

From time to time, we have been and are involved in various legal proceedings and claims. At this time, neither we nor any of our subsidiaries is a party to, and none of our respective property is the subject of, any legal proceeding that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.

The opening of Item 3, Legal Proceedings.11

Sources

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