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The story
History
Kereta Api Indonesia originates from a long line of successive state railway companies dating from the Dutch colonial days. On 27 August 1863, Indonesia's first railway company was named Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS). The colonial government of the Dutch East Indies granted concession to W. Poolman, Alex Frazer and E.H. Kol on 28 August 1862. Its initial route was from Samarang to Tanggung (Grobogan). The line was inaugurated in Kemijen village, Semarang, by L.A.J.W. Baron Sloet van de Beele on 17 June 1864. The first lines, Batavia (Jakarta)–Buitenzorg (Bogor) and Samarang–Vorstenlanden opened on 10 August 1867. They suffered big losses and bankruptcy. The colonial government assisted the company by forming the Staatsspoorwegen, a state-owned company on 6 April 1875. Their route stretched from Buitenzorg (now Bogor) to Soerabaja (Surabaya). The private company Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij operated exclusively in North Sumatra, to transport rubber and tobacco around the Deli area.
In 1939, the total operational trackage was 4,588 km (2,851 mi) (it is unclear whether dual-gauge tracks were counted once or twice).
Following Indonesian independence in 1945 and Dutch recognition of its sovereignty in 1949, the various railway systems (except the Deli Railway Company) were combined into the Djawatan Kereta Api Republik Indonesia (DKARI, lit. Railways Service of the Republic of Indonesia) in 1953. The company traces its origins to 28 September 1945, which is marked today as the official birthday of the rail network. The DKARI network received its first diesel locomotives in 1952. These diesel locomotives slowly dominated the railway lines, first in Java and then in Sumatra, for the next two decades. Non-state railway systems nationwide retained their formal existence until 1958, when all the railway lines were nationalised under DKARI, including the Deli in North Sumatra.
The network was finally corporatised with the foundation of its successor Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PNKA, lit. National Railway Corporation of Indonesia) on 28 September 1963, its 18th anniversary, as part of the official celebrations held for the 1963-67 Railways Centennial. These celebrations also saw a renewed investment in the railway network's fleet and the arrival of new locomotives. On 28 September 1970, PNKA was rebranded as Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA, lit. Indonesian Railway Service Corporation LLC), which saw widespread dieselisation of the network and the slow retirement of its remaining steam powered assets, a process which lasted until the mid-1980s, ending a long era of steam service in the nation.
Much of the branch lines constructed in the colonial era were dismantled or abandoned in the 1980s.
On 1 August 1990, PJKA was renamed once more to Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api (Perumka, lit. Indonesian Railways Public Corporation LLC), with an updated logo. Law No. 13 of 1992 stated that the government operates railways, delegates operations to an operating body (then the Perumka, now PT KAI) and provides and maintains railway infrastructure. Private companies were allowed to co-operate in railway operation work.
On 1 June 1999, Perumka was converted into a joint-stock company, PT Kereta Api (Persero) (PT KA, lit. Indonesian Railways Company Ltd JSC). In May 2010, the branding was amended to become PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (PT KAI).
Electric locomotives were always a minority, and no new electric locomotives were acquired until the 1970s. However, electric multiple units have been imported since 1976 for the Jabotabek commuter urban transport service, which was spun off from KAI in August 2008.
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After upgrading the rail between Purwosari station and Wonogiri station and the bridges to R42 rail, the line between Sangkrah station, Solo and Wonogiri switched to being served by heavy electric diesel locomotives.
On 3 May 2011, the company conducted a cargo train trial from Cikarang Dry Port to Surabaya. In December, a memorandum of understanding was signed between KAI and Bombardier Transportation. The project would have established final assembly of diesel-electric TRAXX Asia Locomotives in Surabaya, East Java for export and domestic use. The plant and project appear to have been abandoned as no TRAXX plant has been built in Surabaya.
In 2012, KAI and GE Transportation signed a Memorandum of Understanding to cooperate on train services, in particular assistance with traction motor remanufacturing. In the same year, Indonesian Railways allocated Rp20 billion (US$2.2 million) to restore and renovate 20 heritage sites and historical railways on Java and Sumatra.
727 kilometres (452 mi) of the Jakarta-Surabaya line were double tracked in May 2014, followed by the completion of a 1,000-kilometre (620 mi) double tracking project on the south coast in 2015. On 8 June 2015, the Duri-Tangerang double track project was inaugurated for KA Commuter Jabodetabek, but it could also be used for airport trains. Construction began in early 2015 to connect Cikarang Dry Port and Tanjung Priok Port to ease traffic.
The first trackage project of the Trans-Sulawesi Railway from Makassar to Pare-pare, with a length of 143 km (89 mi), was completed in 2017. The train began service in 2018 with wider trackage than in Java to accommodate more weight and speed.
Logo history
When it was first inaugurated as a single company, the logo of the Republic of Indonesia Railway Service was a red and white circle with a sketch of the front of a steam locomotive at its centre. This logo was used from 1945 to 1950.
The second logo during the Djawatan Kereta Api era was launched in the form of a circle around a winged wheel with the initials DKA in the centre, and the words "Djawatan" at the top and "Kereta Api" at the bottom. With the launch of the CC200 locomotive in September 1953, the winged wheel logo design began to be used on the front and rear of the locomotive. The wheels featured five twin wings. This logo was then used as the locomotive logo until the company's transformation into a Perum in early 1991.
With the transfer of the company's form as a government-owned corporation from being a government department in 1963, PNKA adopted its first corporate emblem named "Wahana Daya Pertiwi," meaning "transformation of railways as a reliable means of transportation to realize national welfare goals". The logo is a Garuda gripping a train wheel and wearing a pentagonal shield necklace with the words "KA". The wheel stands on a ribbon with the words "Wahana Daya Pertiwi", which also supports rice and cotton on the left and right of the wheel.
Currently, the "Wahana Daya Pertiwi" symbol is used as a symbol of service and ornaments for PT KAI buildings (similar to Coat of Arms), and is attached to pins, peaked caps, and emblems on the left sleeve of KAI employee uniforms. This symbol is also on the front of KAI's inspection train and on the left and right sides of the vintage CC 201 83 31 series locomotives belonging to the SMC Main Depot.
In 1988, the PJKA logo, now as a Limited Liability Company, was replaced with a blue pentagon, and used as a locomotive logo as well as a company logo, and the "Wahana Daya Pertiwi" symbol was changed to a service symbol. This blue pentagon logo did not last long considering that PJKA wanted to change its logo again until the end of 1990. The pentagon-based logo has the word "KA" in the middle which is formed from train bogie wheels.
As a prelude to the transformation as a Public Corporation, PJKA entrusted Priyanto Sunarto (Pri S.) and Indarsjah T. as consultants for the design of the Perumka logo. The logo was designed by Iman Sudjudi at Studio OK!, and was nicknamed the "Z letter logo" or "number 2 logo". Perumka informed that the logo featured an orange parallelogram containing silhouettes of two fast trains with pointed ends, symbolizing the direction of travel and the principle of "giving and receiving." Underneath it is written "KERETAPI". The logo was launched together with the inauguration of Perumka on 2 January 1991.
On 28 September 2011, coinciding with its 66th anniversary, PT KAI launched a new logo. The logo was created by Farid Stevy Asta, vocalist of the rock band FSTVLST, who won first place in the company's new logo design competition. Asta, who worked on the KAI logo at LibStud, said that he himself was "inspired by the old KAI logo" (the letter Z). The logo consists of three curved lines with two orange, one blue below, and a transparent arrow. PT KAI describes the elements of the logo as follows: lines as dynamic movements in achieving the vision and mission, and arrows symbolizing "integrity values". The two oranges symbolize "internal-external excellent service (customer satisfaction)," and the blue symbolises "innovation to provide added value to stakeholders".
In commemorating its 75th anniversary on 28 September 2020, PT KAI inaugurated a new logo in the form of three letters of the alphabet, namely "K", "A", and "I" which are written in italics (depicting the company's progressive, open, and trustworthy character). The train-like accent on the letter "A" symbolizes "hope to advance the company as the best and most synergistic transportation ecosystem" and the use of two colours that have different meanings from the previous logo, namely the combination of these two colors reflects aspects in "harmonious relations between KAI and all stakeholders in the railway sector", with blue (on the letters "K" and "I") symbolizing "stability, professionalism, trustworthiness, and confidence of the company", and orange (on the letter "A") symbolizing "enthusiasm, creativity, and determination of the company".
From Wikipedia’s article on Kereta Api Indonesia, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.4