How it started
Soviet era
In October 1950, the Soviet Council of Ministers approved a resolution for constructing an oil refinery near the city of Nizhny Novgorod. The local councils then collected surrounding farmlands and began construction.
Privatization
In the 1990s, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a private company was created to regulate the plant, called "Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez" (Russian: Нижегороднефтеоргсинтез). The production output in 1997 was at 12.3 million tons, and exported as far west as Hungary and east as Tatarstan.
In 2001, the company became part of the large corporation Lukoil, which owned over 80% of its shares by 2006.
In 2010, Lukoil made an investment worth $975 million to create a new complex at the plant, which was expected to increase production from 1.8 to 3.2 million tons per year. By 2024, capacity was 17 million tons per year.
From Wikipedia’s article on Kstovo Refinery, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.2