Philip Caldwell

Caldwell was born in Bourneville, Ohio, the son of Robert Clyde Caldwell (1882 – 1935), a farmer, and Wilhelmina Hemphill (1881 – 1966). He grew up in South Charleston, Ohio, and graduated from Southeastern High School. Caldwell was of English ancestry.

Caldwell was a 1940 graduate of Muskingum College where he majored in economics and was a member of the school's debate team. In 1942, he earned a Master of Business Administration degree from the Harvard Business School.

He served in the U.S. Navy as a Lieutenant during World War II.

Starting at Ford in 1953, he successively headed truck operations, the Philco division, and international operations; in the last of these positions he introduced the Ford Fiesta into Europe.

Following the firing of Lee Iacocca in July 1978, Caldwell became president of Ford Motor Company on October 16, 1978. On October 1, 1979, Henry Ford II retired as CEO and as chairman of the board of directors on March 13, 1980; Caldwell succeeded him in each position.

As Chairman of the Board and CEO, Caldwell approved and oversaw the development and launch of the Ford Taurus (and its corporate sister the Mercury Sable) which were introduced to the media days before his retirement, thus allowing him to take public credit for the Taurus program, which became one of the biggest successes in automobile business history. On February 1, 1985, Caldwell retired from Ford, He later accepted a position as senior managing director at Shearson Lehman Brothers in New York. On September 23, 1985, he was one of 21 new members appointed to the President's Export Council. He was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1990.