Private company

HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt

Logo: HSBC Holdings plc, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons4

German financial services company

C.G. Trinkaus, known as such from 1852 until 1972 then as Trinkaus & Burkhardt (1972-1999) and HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt (1999-2023), was a German financial services company. It traced its history back to 1785 and was thus one of the longest-established members of the HSBC Group following integration into that group in 1992. In 2023, the company was merged with HSBC's Paris-based subsidiary HSBC Continental Europe.2 Wikipedia text CC BY-SA 4.0

Last updated Oct 20, 2026.

Overview

1785Founded1
  • Industryfinancial services1
  • HeadquartersDüsseldorf1
  • Websitewww.hsbctrinkaus.de
  • Legal formAktiengesellschaft1
  • LEIJUNT405OW8OY5GN4DX163
  • StatusActive3
  • LEI statusIssued and current3
  • Registered addressHANSAALLEE 3, 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany3
  • Registered withLocal Court Düsseldorf, HRB 975623
HSBC Duesseldorf
Photo: Bahnemann, Attribution, via Wikimedia Commons6

C.G. Trinkaus, known as such from 1852 until 1972 then as Trinkaus & Burkhardt (1972-1999) and HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt (1999-2023), was a German financial services company. It traced its history back to 1785 and was thus one of the longest-established members of the HSBC Group following integration into that group in 1992.2

Corporate structure

HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt is part of a group headed by HSBC. 859 entities, 28 countries on record. Switch between the flow chart and the network, and select any entity to see its details.

  • HSBC London, United Kingdom
    • HSBC Bank Australia 100% · Sydney, Australia
      • HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED Subsidiary · Sydney, Australia
    • HSBC Bank Bermuda 100% · Hamilton, Bermuda
      • BANCO NOMINEES LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • CAYMAN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC GLOBAL ASSET MANAGEMENT (BERMUDA) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • ALTERNATIVE FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • CANADIAN DOLLAR FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • EURO FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • HSBC CORPORATE MONEY FUNDS LIMITED Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • HSBC MANAGED PORTFOLIOS LIMITED Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • HSBC SPECIALIST FUNDS LIMITED Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • SHORT DURATION FIXED INCOME FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • STERLING ESG FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • STERLING ESG FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • STERLING FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • US DOLLAR ESG FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • US DOLLAR FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • US TREASURY FUND Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • WORLD SELECTION - 1 Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • WORLD SELECTION - 2 Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • WORLD SELECTION - 3 Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • WORLD SELECTION - 4 Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
        • WORLD SELECTION - 5 Fund · Hamilton, Bermuda
      • HSBC INSTITUTIONAL TRUST SERVICES (BERMUDA) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC SECURITIES SERVICES (BERMUDA) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • SOMERS NOMINEES (FAR EAST) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • WOODEX LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
    • HSBC BANK PLC 100% · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC Continental Europe Paris, France
        • HSBC Transaction Services London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt London, United Kingdom
          • 3 more
        • CCF & PARTNERS ASSET MANAGEMENT LIMITED Subsidiary · Birmingham, United Kingdom
        • CCF CHARTERHOUSE GMBH Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • CHARTERHOUSE ADMINISTRATORS (D.T.) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • CHARTERHOUSE MANAGEMENT SERVICES LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • FONCIERE ELYSEES Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
          • 2 more
        • HLF Subsidiary · Paris, France
          • 6 more
        • HSBC FACTORING (FRANCE) Subsidiary · Paris, France
        • HSBC GLOBAL ASSET MANAGEMENT (DEUTSCHLAND) GMBH Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC OPERATIONAL SERVICES GMBH Subsidiary · Düsseldorf, Germany
        • HSBC PRIVATE BANK (LUXEMBOURG) S.A. Subsidiary · Luxembourg, Luxembourg
          • 2 more
        • HSBC SERVICE COMPANY GERMANY GMBH Subsidiary · Düsseldorf, Germany
        • HSBC SERVICES (FRANCE) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC TRINKAUS & BURKHARDT GESELLSCHAFT FÜR BANKBETEILIGUNGEN MBH Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
          • 3 more
        • S.A.P.C. UFIPRO RECOUVREMENT Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • SAF BAIYUN Subsidiary · Paris, France
        • SAF GUANGZHOU Subsidiary · Paris, France
        • SFM Subsidiary · Paris, France
          • 4 more
        • SOCIETE FRANCAISE ET SUISSE Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
          • 1 more
        • SOMERS DUBLIN DESIGNATED ACTIVITY COMPANY Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • VALEURS MOBILIERES ELYSEES Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC Germany London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC GLOBAL ASSET MANAGEMENT (FRANCE) Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC GLOBAL ASSET MANAGEMENT (SWITZERLAND) AG London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC REIM (FRANCE) London, United Kingdom
        • BOURBON 7 Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • CENTRAL VALOR SP FCP Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • CORPORATE EURO BOND FIXED TERM 2027 Fund · Luxembourg, Luxembourg
        • CORPORATE EURO BOND FIXED TERM 2032 Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • DISCRETIONARY GLOBAL HIGH INCOME BOND PORTFOLIO Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • EUROPE EQUITY HIGH DIVIDEND FUND Fund · Paris, France
        • FDC SICAV EUR BONDS - ACTIVE 2 Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • FDC SICAV GLOBAL EQUITIES - ACTIVE 2 Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • FIXED INCOME CAYMAN UNIT TRUST – MY - HS EU CREDIT FUND Fund · Puteaux, France
        • HS 2014 EURO IG INCOME FUND Fund · Paris, France
        • HS 2015 EURO HIGH YIELD INCOME FUND Fund · Puteaux, France
        • HS EU HIGH YIELD FUND Fund · Puteaux, France
        • HS EURO CORPORATE CROSSOVER FUND Fund · Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
        • HSBC CONTINENTAL EUROPE ACTIONS Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC EE DIVERSIFIE EMERGENTS Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC EE HORIZON 2034-2036 Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC EE ISR ACTIONS EURO Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC EE MODERE Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC EURO PROTECT 80+ Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC EURO SHORT TERM BOND FUND Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC GLOBAL EMERGING MARKETS PROTECT 80 DYNAMIC Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • HSBC GLOBAL LIQUIDITY FUNDS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY Fund · Paris, France
          • 10 more
        • HSBC ORFEGE ACTIONS MULTI THEMATIQUES (HSBC ORFEGE ACTIONS MULTI THÉMATIQUES) Fund · Courbevoie, France
        • and 104 more
      • ASSETFINANCE DECEMBER (P) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • CHESNARA LIFE (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · Preston, United Kingdom
      • HSBC (BGF) INVESTMENTS LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • DAG GRANDCHILDRENS SETTLEMENT Subsidiary · Pewsey, United Kingdom
      • HSBC ASSET FINANCE (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • ASSETFINANCE DECEMBER (R) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • ASSETFINANCE JUNE (A) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • ASSETFINANCE MARCH (B) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • ASSETFINANCE SEPTEMBER (F) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC EQUIPMENT FINANCE (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · Birmingham, United Kingdom
          • 2 more
      • HSBC ASSET FINANCE M.O.G. HOLDINGS (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC BANK (GENERAL PARTNER) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC BANK CAPITAL FUNDING (STERLING 1) L.P. Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC BANK ANONIM SIRKETI (HSBC BANK ANONIM ŞIRKETI) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC YATIRIM MENKUL DEĞERLER ANONİM ŞİRKETİ Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
          • 1 more
        • HSBC ÖDEME SİSTEMLERİ BİLGİSAYAR TEKNOLOJİLERİ BASIN YAYIN VE MÜŞTERİ HİZMETLERİ ANONİM ŞİRKETİ Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC CLIENT HOLDINGS NOMINEE (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC CLIENT NOMINEE (JERSEY) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC CORPORATE TRUSTEE COMPANY (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC GLOBAL CUSTODY NOMINEE (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC GLOBAL CUSTODY PROPRIETARY NOMINEE (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC LU NOMINEES LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC MARKING NAME NOMINEE (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC OVERSEAS NOMINEE (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC PENSION TRUST (IRELAND) DESIGNATED ACTIVITY COMPANY Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC PREFERENTIAL LP (UK) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC BANK CAPITAL FUNDING (STERLING 2) L.P. Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC PRIVATE BANK (UK) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC SFT (C.I.) LIMITED Subsidiary · St Peter Port, Guernsey
          • 1 more
      • HSBC REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE (NIGERIA) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC SECURITIES (SOUTH AFRICA) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • S F S S NOMINEES Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSIL INVESTMENTS LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • JAMES CAPEL (NOMINEES) LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • and 4 more
    • HSBC INVESTMENT BANK HOLDINGS LIMITED London, United Kingdom
    • HSBC INVESTMENT COMPANY LIMITED London, United Kingdom
    • HSBC OVERSEAS HOLDINGS (UK) LIMITED London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (GUANGDONG) LIMITED (汇丰软件开发(广东)有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HSBC TECHNOLOGY & SERVICES (CHINA) LIMITED (汇丰技术服务(中国)有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
    • 恒生銀行有限公司 Central, Hong Kong
      • Hang Seng Bank (China) London, United Kingdom
      • FULCHER ENTERPRISES COMPANY LIMITED (輝昌企業有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG (NOMINEE) LIMITED (恒生(代理人)有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG BANK (TRUSTEE) LIMITED (恒生銀行信託有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG BULLION COMPANY LIMITED (恒生金業有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG CREDIT LIMITED (恒生授信有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG DATA SERVICES LIMITED (恒生資訊服務有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG FINANCE LIMITED (恒生財務有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG FINANCIAL INFORMATION LIMITED (恒生財經資訊有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG FUTURES LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG INDEXES COMPANY LIMITED (恒生指數有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED (恒生保險有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • IMENSON LIMITED Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LIMITED (恒生投資管理有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • HANG SENG CHINA ENTERPRISES INDEX ETF Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG CHINA INDEX FUND Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG CMS BLOOMBERG US TREASURY 1-3 YEAR INDEX ETF Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN INDEX FUND Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FUND Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG GLOBAL BALANCED FUND Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG GLOBAL CONSERVATIVE FUND Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG GOLD ETF Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG HIGH DIVIDEND 30 INDEX ETF Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG HONG KONG EQUITY FUND Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG HSCEI COVERED CALL ACTIVE ETF Fund · Hong Kong, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG INDEX FUND Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG INVESTMENT FUNDS SERIES IV Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG INVESTMENT FUNDS SERIES V Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG INVESTMENT INDEX FUNDS SERIES III Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG INVESTMENT SERIES Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG MAINLAND INVESTMENT SERIES Fund · Central, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG TECH COVERED CALL ACTIVE ETF Fund · Hong Kong, Hong Kong
        • HANG SENG TECH INDEX FUND Fund · Hong Kong, Hong Kong
        • and 29 more
      • HANG SENG INVESTMENT SERVICES LIMITED (恒生投資服務有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT LIMITED (恒生物業管理有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG SECURITIES LIMITED (恒生證券有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HANG SENG SECURITY MANAGEMENT LIMITED (恒生保安管理有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HASEBA INVESTMENT COMPANY LIMITED (恒生投資有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HIGH TIME INVESTMENTS LIMITED (高泰投資有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • YAN NIN DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED (恩年發展有限公司) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
    • HSBC Bank (China) Subsidiary · 100% · Shanghai, China
    • HSBC Bank Canada Subsidiary · 100% · Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
    • HSBC Bank Chile Subsidiary · 100% · Santiago, Chile
    • HSBC Bank Malaysia Subsidiary · 100% · Kuala Lumpur
    • HSBC Bank Middle East Subsidiary · 100% · Saint Helier
    • HSBC Bank USA Subsidiary · 100% · Mclean, Virginia, United States
      • CAPCO/COVE, INC. Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • CARD-FLO #1, INC. Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • CARD-FLO #3, INC. Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC COLUMBIA FUNDING, LLC Subsidiary · New York, New York, United States
      • HSBC GLOBAL ASSET MANAGEMENT (USA) INC. Subsidiary · New York, New York, United States
        • 7 more
      • HSBC INSURANCE AGENCY (USA) INC. Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC MORTGAGE CORPORATION (USA) Subsidiary · New York, New York, United States
      • HSBC OVERSEAS INVESTMENTS CORPORATION (NEW YORK) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • 1 more
      • HSBC PRIVATE BANK INTERNATIONAL Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC REALTY CREDIT CORPORATION (USA) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • 1 more
      • WESTMINSTER HOUSE, LLC Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
    • HSBC Continental Europe, Poland Subsidiary · 100% · Warsaw
    • HSBC Finance Subsidiary · 100% · Chicago, Illinois, United States
      • Beneficial Corporation London, United Kingdom
        • 18 more
      • BENEFICIAL FINANCIAL I INC. Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HFC COMPANY LLC Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
        • 10 more
      • HOUSEHOLD CAPITAL MARKETS LLC Subsidiary · Wilmington, Delaware, United States
      • HOUSEHOLD POOLING CORPORATION Subsidiary · Chicago, Illinois, United States
      • HSBC CARD SERVICES INC. Subsidiary · Chicago, Illinois, United States
      • HSBC CONSUMER LENDING (USA) INC. Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC HOME EQUITY LOAN CORPORATION II Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
    • HSBC Life Subsidiary · 100% · Singapore
    • HSBC North America Holdings Subsidiary · 100% · New York, New York, United States
      • HSBC USA New York, New York, United States
        • 4 more
      • HSBC - North America (U.S.) Pension Trust Subsidiary · Chicago, Illinois, United States
      • HSBC AMERICAS CORPORATION (DELAWARE) Subsidiary · London, United Kingdom
      • HSBC MARKETS (USA) INC. Subsidiary · New York, New York, United States
        • 4 more
      • HSBC TECHNOLOGY & SERVICES (USA) INC. Subsidiary · Chicago, Illinois, United States
      • REAL ESTATE COLLATERAL MANAGEMENT COMPANY Subsidiary · Chicago, Illinois, United States
    • HSBC Private Bank Subsidiary · 100% · Geneva
    • HSBC Turkey Subsidiary · 100% · Istanbul
    • The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Subsidiary · 100% · Hong Kong
    • HSBC Bank Argentina Subsidiary · 99.99% · Buenos Aires
    • HSBC Mexico Subsidiary · 99.99% · HSBC Tower
    • HSBC Bank Egypt Subsidiary · 94.53% · Cairo
    • HSBC Bank Malta Subsidiary · 70.03% · Valletta
    • HSBC Armenia Subsidiary · 70% · Yerevan
    • and 64 more

Built from parent and subsidiary links from GLEIF, the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (CC0); subsidiaries, stakes and holdings from Wikidata (CC0). Each entity in the chart links to its source.

The story

In 1785 Christian Gottfried Jäger established his trading house in Düsseldorf. Then in 1852 Christian Gottfried Trinkaus, one of the founder's nephews, took over the firm, named it after himself, and focused exclusively on banking from then on. From 1919 on, the company came under the ownership of institutional investors, especially Deutsche Bank, as the last family members exited the bank.

The next landmark occurred in 1972 when C.G. Trinkaus merged with Bankhaus Burkhardt & Co, which had been founded in Essen in 1841. Under the name of Trinkaus & Burkhardt the bank extended its operations to Luxembourg and Switzerland. Two years later, Citibank, of the US, acquired majority ownership.

In 1980, the UK-based Midland Bank acquired a majority stake in Trinkaus & Burkhardt. Five years later, Trinkaus & Burkhardt converted to a partnership limited by shares (Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien - KGaA) and listed on the stock exchange.

HSBC acquired Midland Bank in 1992, and with it Midland's majority stake in Trinkaus & Burkhardt. In time, HSBC transferred Trinkaus and Burkhardt's operations in Switzerland to its subsidiary there, HSBC Guyerzeller Bank. In 1999, the bank in Germany changed its name to HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt KGaA. Lastly, in 2006, the bank changed its legal form and became HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG. In 2010, on its 225th anniversary, HSBC in Germany increased the share capital by EUR 150 million to promote the corporate business in Germany as part of HSBC. In 2013 the Growth Initiative started with the aim to position HSBC in Germany as leading international bank for German customers.

The bank was managed by five general partners under an unusual German partnership arrangement. On November 29, 2005 the partners voted to convert the bank to AG or limited company status, and in August 2006, HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt completed its transition from a German limited partnership (KGaA) to a corporation limited by shares (AG).

In 2014, HSBC generated a pre-tax profit of €213.6m in Germany. With a Fitch-Rating of AA− (Stable) as part of the HSBC Group, HSBC is the best rated private bank in Germany.

In May 2020 HSBC bought out the second largest shareholder of HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG, Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg (LBBW), who previously owned 18.66% of the company's stock. Now owning 99.33% of the HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG, HSBC is planning on squeezing out the remaining investors. HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG is a German Stock Corporation, managed by a five-member Management Board.

Following the acquisition of the minority interest, HSBC consolidated Trinkaus with its French subsidiary, HSBC Continental Europe. It now operates as the Dusseldorf branch of the French business.

From Wikipedia’s article on C.G. Trinkaus, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.5

Products and brands

  • financial services

Listed on Wikidata.1

Subsidiaries and ownership

Parent company

Owners

Subsidiaries

Former owners and parents

Parent company (GLEIF)

Ultimate parent

From Wikidata.1 Ownership links from GLEIF, the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (CC0); each one cites its LEI record.

Acquisitions

  1. Succeeded Simon Hirschland Bank1

Timeline

  1. Jan 1, 2020Parent Directly consolidated by HSBC Continental Europe3
  2. 1785Founded Founded1